Dirk Bullmann and Keith Bear dismantle the myths of "instant" FX settlement, explaining why liquidity efficiency and robust governance remain the true anchors of post-trade resilience.

CLS’s Emanuel Vila and FNA’s Carlos León reveal the empirical trade-offs between increased settlement frequency and the loss of multilateral netting efficiency in the FX market.

CLS’s Dirk Bullmann explains the critical trade-offs of atomic settlement and how the "Molecular" model can balance real-time speed with global liquidity efficiency.