Bank of England’s John Jackson and BIS’s Stephanie Haffner reveal how Project Meridian FX uses a Synchronization Operator to achieve seamless, low-risk PvP settlement across RTGS and DLT systems.

CLS’s Emanuel Vila and FNA’s Carlos León reveal the empirical trade-offs between increased settlement frequency and the loss of multilateral netting efficiency in the FX market.

CLS’s Dirk Bullmann explains the critical trade-offs of atomic settlement and how the "Molecular" model can balance real-time speed with global liquidity efficiency.